Rice Pest Pheno - Forecasting
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Ch Padmavathi, GS Laha, B Sailaja, P Prashanth, T Dilip,
S Gayatri,
R Naganna, V Jhansi Lakshmi, AP
Padmakumari, C Shanker, Y Sridhar, D Ladha Lakshmi,
V
Prakasam, D Krishnaveni, M Srinivas Prasad, B Jhansi
Rani, G Katti, RM Sundaram
Rice is the most important cereal cropin India and plays a key role in the country's food security. India is the second largest producer and consumer of rice in the world and accounts for 17.95 per cent of the world's total rice production. Rice production increased from 53.6 million tons in 1980 to 121 million tons in 2021 (Paddy Outlook, July 2021; www.usda.org). The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated that the world population will grow by two billion people by 2050, and food demand will increase by 60%.
Rice is grown under varying conditions in india from 8° to 35° N latitude and from sea level to about 2,500 meter altitude. It is a tropical plant and requires high heat and high humidity for its successful growth. The average temperature required throughout the life period of the crop ranges from 21 to 37°C. Maximum temperature which the crop can tolerate is 40 to 42°C. The average annual rainfall required for rice is 150 cm. It is the dominant crop in areas receiving over 200 cm annual rainfall and is an important crop in areas receiving 100-200 cm rainfall. In areas receiving less than 100 cm annual rainfall, rice can be grown with the help of irrigation. About 40 percent of rice crop in India is raised under irrigation.
Rice is grown almost throughout the year in hot and humid regions of eastern and southern parts of India where two to three crops are grown in a year. But in the northern and hilly parts of the country, as the winters are too cold for rice cultivation, only one crop is growing in those areas. About half of the rice production in India is contributed by few states, namely, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The other major producers are Odisha, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Kerala in order of importance.
